Improvement in grates for steam-boiler furnaces



6 sheetssheet 1 J. ZBH. I GRATE FOR STEAM BOILER FURNACES.

No. {18,247. Patented June 13, 1865.

Him essmw 6 Sheets Sheet 2.

J. ZEH. GRATE FOR STEAM BOILER FURNACES.

No. 48,247. Patented June 13, 1865.

I, III/ll I;

6 Sheets Sheet 3.

J. ZEH. GRATE FOR STEAM BOILER FURNACES.

Patented June13, 1865.

6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

J. ZEH, GRATE FOR STEAM BOILER FURNACES.

Patented June l3fl866 Invcn'bar 6 Sheets-Sheet 5.

J. ZEH. GRATE FOR STEAM BOILER FURNACES.

No. 48,247. Patented June 13, 1865.

Mentor:

6 Sheets -Sheet 6 J. ZE-H. GRATE FOE STEAM BOILER FURNAGES.

11048247. Patented June 13, 1865.

fig.- ,m as. (9.9. y: 80.

UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE.

\ JOHANN ZEH,-OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN GRATES FOR STEAM -BQlLER FURNACES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 48:24.7, dated June 13, 1865.

To all whom it may canoe m: Be it known that I, J OHANN (J onn) ZEH, head engineer of the \Vestern railway of Austria, residing in Vienna, do hereby declare that 1 have invented certain improvements in moving or mechanical grates or fire-bars for furnaces or other fire-places, and that the following specification, taken in connectionwith the accompanying drawings, is a full and exact description of the same.

First, that I make use of the inclined position of the fire-grate and of the motion of the same to obtain a regular supply of fuel, to clear the grate of ashes and other incombustible matter, and to produce perfect and regular combustion second, that none of the fuel can enter between the movable grate and the fixed parts of the fire-place or furnace; third, that the fire bars or grate may be easily removed and replaced; fourth, that my grates are applicable to all kinds of fires and for all kinds of fuel, if not over large, and that they are very simple and durable.

For the sake of distinctness I have divided thedescription under the eight following heads first, the inclined position of the grate; second, the movability of the fire-bars; third, the regular supply of fuel fourth, the clearing of the grate from ashes and other non-combustible matters; fifth, the absence of all danger from choking up with the fuel; sixth, the easy removaland replacement of the fire-bars;seventh, the adaptability of my grates to all kinds of fires and all sorts of fuel; eighth, simplicity and great durability.

No.1. The inclined position of the grate-The inclination of the fire-grate in the direction of its length may vary, according to circumstances,

from fifteen to thirty-six degrees, the thickness of the layer of coal supplied for combustion and the rate of movement'of the grate being augmented in proportion to the diminution of the inclination.

N0. 2. The monabilityof the fire bags or grate.--The grate may be made to move in two ways: First, the grate-bars, beingmade movabio and of a convenient form,-and lying not longitudinally but transversely across the fireplace, may be connected with bars or framing, so to hecapable of an oscillatory motion in the'longitudinal direction of the grate or, sec-l 0nd, the whole fire-grate may be arranged in such a manner as to move bodily to and fro in the same direction. These movements may be produced manually, or by means of any kind of power, and may be regular or irregular, periodical or continuous. l

No. 3. The regular supply of fuel.--llnorder that the following may be easily understood, it

may be here stated that the bottom of the grate is prolonged toward the front beyond the fire,

so as to serve as the bottom or part of thebottom of a coal-box or coal-hopper connected with the fire-place by means of an opening in the fronthearthplate or wall, and which can be increased or diminished soas to regulate the thickness of the layer of coal suppliedv to the fire. When the movement of the bottom of the fire-place is from front to back, and consequently in'a downward direction, whatever is placed'upon the bars will necessarily follow in the sam'edirection, there'being no resistance; 'butLwhe-n the movement is in the opposite direction the fuel which'is lying on the. bars will follow the movement through apart of the distance, which diminishes in proportion to the speed and the inclination of the grate, because, the movement bei-ng upward, resistance takes place from thdaccumulated fuel above. Now, it is clear that It these motions are repeated the fuel will gradually make its way from the coalhop'per to the tire, and

iii-the end to the lowest part of the grate, and

that if suflicient fuelhe kept in the hopper and at the upper end of the fire-bars the fire will be supplied in a regular manner with fuel, and combustion will be perfect, uniform, and economical. 'In order that on the movement of the grate backward and downward a portion of the fuel which lies on the front pro longation of the grate, and which might possibly be retainedhythe weight of the incumbent coal in the hopper or by friction in the opening, may without fail follow the motion of the grate, the front portion of the fire-bars has a slight extra elevation, and by this means it is clear that a portion of the fuel must. follow the motion and reach the fire By the reverse or upward motion of the grate the fuel is retained on the prolongation of the grate by that whichlies over it in the hopper. The grate will continue its movement under the fuel and the space will be stuffed with coal. I declare, however, that the extra elevation described is absolutely necessary, and mflivbe omitted not in many instances.

No. 4. The clearing of .W grazefi'om ashes or o/her ihcombustlble matters-As all objects lying upon the grate. must eventually arrive by its motion at the farthest and lowest part of it, it is clear that the bars are continually freed from ash and other matters, and which would collect at that point were not a receptacle provided for them, from which they are removed at intervals. This space is closed by doors or other arrangements, aml also by the accumulated ashes, and it is only when it is opened for the purpose of clearing it that air can possibly pass through it into the fire-place.

No. 5. .The absence ofall danger of choking up with fucL-In order to prevent this, which would be a great inconvenience, the ends of I the fire-bars or the sides of the whole fire-grate,

when movable as a whole, are furnished with prolongations which pass over or under the fixed sides of thelire-placein such manner that only a small-uniform distance is maintained between them and no space left to allow the fuel to get in between.

No. 6. Thceasy-remoral and replacement of the bars-J11 order that any of the fire-bars may be easily taken out and replaced, they are placed onframesorsupportsinde 'iendentofthehearthplates or grate-frames, and secured by means 7 of belts or pins in any convenient manner;

or, in the case of large furnaces, the frames are fixed on a carriage with wheels that run on rails or ledges, and the bars are fixed in like manner. \Vhen the grate is movable as a Whole the connection with the fire-place is made by means of grate-supports, which are so arranged that the whole or" the fire-grate can be moved to and fro. In large furnaces the grate-supports can also beset-upon a. frame running on wheels, and may be fixed or fastened in any convenient manner to the hearthplate. Itwill be clear from the preceding that the grate or bars can at any time be easily removed and replaced, being connected with the fire-place only by means of belts or pins, or with a movable frame connected with the fireplace or hearth-plate. However, [declare that the movable bars may also be fixed upon sup ports or frames which are solidly connected with the fire-place orhearth-platc, as their easy removal is only of importance in case of the necessity for repairs, without waiting for the cooling of the furnace.

N 0. 7 The adaptability o/"mg gmies to all kinds of fuel and all sorts y'fireplaces.lhe conditions of complete combustion for all kinds of fuel under all circumstances are in variable--- viz., first, theregularsupplyot' such an amount of fuel as is just sufficient to replace the consumption by burning; second, the equal coverin g of the grate in order that no surplus air may enter the fire-place; third, thesecuring of sutficient air fourth, the clearance of the fire-bars from ashes and other like matters; fifth, suflicient heat in thefire-place with sufficient draft. As in my grates all these conditions are present, they are applicable to every mode of firing where sufficient draft can be obtained.

No.8. Simplicity and great durability-llly grates are really simple, because by the motion and inclination described all the requisites of complete combustion are obtained, and because they are not encumbered by any unnecessary machiner They are durable, because those movable parts which are exposed to the heat are disposed in such a manner as not to suffer injury, because the machinery necessary for the movementot' the grateis placed beyond the reach of the fire and is not exposed to injury, and because the grate is less exposed to wear than in many other furnaces and fireplaces, as the grate is always kept clear, and the bars and other parts are thus cooled by the current ofair.

Diference between these and other movable grates-My grates differ from other sloping grates in this, that the inclination can be so arranged that there is no falling of the fuel toward the'lower part. lVhatever be the nature of the fuel used, it moves onward only according to the motion of the grate itself. The peculiarity in the movement of my grates consists, in part, as follows: In the case of my separately-moving bars the bars themselves move in their places only, and not out of them; the bars are not placed in the inclined position of the plane of the grate longitudinally, but transversely, and the fire-grate is moved to and fro in the longitudinal direction. The other distinctive features of my invention are theprolongation of the grate or fire-bars, as already referred to, the arrangement to prevent choking up of the fuel, and the feeding of the fire, not by hand, but by the motion of the grate itselfin its inclined position; that by this motion the fuel advances regularly, and

is continually changing its position and presenting new surfaces to the fire, which is necessary for proper combustion; and, lastly, that the fire-bars can easily be taken out and replaced, and that the fire-places are adapted for any kind of fuel.

My mechanical grates m ay be advantageous] y applied to ordinary fire-places, in order to keep the fire open and free from dust and ashes, and I claim this application of my invention. In the case of the motion being given to the entire grate as a whole, the motion may be made to take place in a diagonal direction.

Explanation of the (lrawings.Thesc are p urposely made in full detail in order that any modifications may be made in the grates to meet varionscases. The sheets are numbered from I to VI, and the same parts are marked with the same letters in all the drawings.

Sheet 1: Figure 1, application of my system to a steam-boiler; Fig. 2, front view of same; Fig. 3, top view of same; Fig. 4, part of Fig. 1,

enlarged iourtimes, the lower portion showing the fire-grate alone; Fig. 5, top view of Fig.4;

Figs. 6,7, 8, 9, sections on the lines A B, C D, E F, and G H, Fig. 4; Fig. 10, front wall-of fire-place and part of hopper a in Fig. 2, twice 1111.18 size; Fig. 11, section on line K L, Fig. 10;

Figs. 12,12, other forms of grate-bars; Figs. 13,

Sheet II: 19, part of a grate with dit't'er- :ent arrangement and united motion of the fire bars; Fig. 20, top view of Fig. 19, the lower part showing the grate only; Figs. 21, 22, 23, 24,25, sections on the lines A 13,0 D, E F, G H, and I J, Fig. 19; Fig. 26,part of a grate with different arrangement and motion of the firebars; Fig. 27, top view of Fig. 26; Figs. 28,29,

sections on lines K L and M N, Fig. 26; Fig.

30, part of grate with bearings of fire-bars like Fig. 4, with different motion; Fig. 31, top view ofFig. 30; Figs. 32, 33, sections on the lines 0 P and Q R, Fig.30; Fig. 34, arm of counterpoise of Figs. 36 and 31; Fig. 35, guide-rails of Figs. 30 and 31; Fig. 36, diagram of rotation of motion-wheel of Fi 19.

Sheet III: Fig. 37, part of a grate with united motion of the fire-bars; Fig. 38, top view of Fig. 37, the lower portion showing the grate alone, the coal-hopper and frtint wall of fireplace being omitted; Figs. 39, 40, 41, 42, sections on the lines A B, G D, E F, and G E, Fig. 37; Fig. 43, part of a. grate with united motion oflire-bars, with bars of a different form and grate-bearing, and with other motion as-in Fig. 37; Fig. 44, top view of Fig. 43, the coal-hopper and front of fire-place omitted; Figs. 45, 46, 47, 48, sections on the lines I J, K L, M N, and O P, Fig. 43; Fig. 49, diagram of rotation of motion-wheel, Fig. 37; Fig. 50, diagram of rotation of motion-shaft, Fig. 43:

Sheet IV: Fig. 51, application of grate with united motion oi' tire-bars; Fig. 52, top view of same; Fig. 53, front view of same, fire bars and bearer omitted; Fig. 54, section on the line G H, Fig. 51, fire-bars, bearers, and cin del -chest omitted; Fig. 55, top view of a part of the grate and of the hearth-plate, Fig. 51, increased four times, but with different firebars, the lower part representing the grate frame with bars in place; Fig. 56, section of same; Fig. 57,, front view of same, coal-hopper omitted; Figs. 58, 59, 60, sections on the lines A I), O D, E F, Fig. 56; Figs. 61, 62, 63,

- other forms of grate-bearers; Fig. 64, firebars of Fig. 51 magnified four times in width, but not in length.

SheetV: Fig. 65, grate with cross lying and moving fire-bars for a locomotive or other boiler, with fire-box; Fig. 66, front view of Fig. 65, fire-box omitted; Fig. 67, top view of Fig. 65, boiler and bars omitted; Fig. 68, part of Fig. 65, double size; Fig. 69, front view of Fig. 68, bars omitted Figs. 70, 71, sections on the lines A 13 and G D,'Fig. 68; Fig. 72, partofFig. 65, double size; Fig. 73, front view of Fig. 7 2, fire-bars omitted Figs. 74, 75, sections on the lines E F and G H, 72; Fig. 76, section and view of opening in o the fire-box, Figs. 65 and 68, for observing tlie iire; Fig. 77, the grate, Fig.

65, with different motion; Fig. 78, sectionon the line I J, Fig. 77, double size; Fig. 79, section of a grate in which the fire-bars are supported inthe middle, intended to show that they may be supported in one or more places as well as at the ends; 7 Fig. 80, valves or traps for regulating the thickness of the layer of the coal on the bars.

SheetVI: Fig. 81, grate, with movable crossfire-bars fora marine boiler with two furnaces; Fig. 82, front view of Fig. 81, the gratedrawn out on the right side; Fig. 83, top View of Fig. 81, the boiler in section on the lines 0 l and Q R, fire=bars omitted; Figs. 84 to 99, sections on the lines A B, G D, E'F, G,H, I J. K L, and M N, Fig. 81.

(t represents the coal-hopper; a, the bottom of the same; a", space between the bottom of the hopper and the top fire-bar; I), the furnace or fire-box; 1), opening between a and b in the front wall of the furnace; c, the ash-conduit;

' a, slider to same; 01, ash-pit beneath the tire;

e, checks or furnace-frames; e guide-rail for the removal of the entire grate ot' the furnace; 0, socket for the lower bearing, a,- e, socket for the upper bearing, n; e elevation on 6, serving as a sidewise guide for the grate-frame;

.6", projection on e for at; f, hearth-plate, by

which the area of the tire-bars is covered'at the sides, in order that the whole grate or any of the bars may be removed; f, slots in f to allow for expansion 9, front wall of the fire: place pg, angle-iron on g for the fastening of a, and-as a guide to h,- g, screws for the fastening ot' Ct, Ii, trap or slide for regulating the thickness of the layer of coal; h, screw fixed to plateh, the portion of the screw beyondthe plate indicating the thickness of thelayer of coal; h, slots in h for expansion; z", bridge for the clinkers and cinders; j, fire-bridge; 7r, cinder-box L, screws for fastening the fire-bars to the hearth-plate m, frames for supporting the fire-bars; m, pins to connect at with parts of motion; n, connecting-links for m; n, projections on n for the support of the fire-bars on the under side; it, same for the upper side; 0, motion-rods; 1 ,connccting-rods; q q, motion-shafts; r, fire-bars; r, prolongation of the first fire-bar; r","prolongation of the last fire-bar; r, projection on tire-bars for keepingv them at proper'distance from each other; 8,- guides; 25, levers or rods; t, cam for moving it; t", pin int for the cam t}, t, rod for moving t,- u, pillar or support; it, projection on u for limiting the motion; n, eounterpoise; 1;, arm of eounterpoise; w; pulley; ac, grate-bearer; w, projection on w, serving as side guide for the fire-bars; 3 motion-wheel; 3 opening in 3 for the cam t,- z, pillar or support for w on e.

. Figs. 1 to 30 illustrate grateswith cross fire.

as seen by the parts of motion.

bars having an oscillatin g or vibratory motion, either continuous or intermittent, and worked by straps and pulleys. Figs. 1, 2, 3 represent a grate applied to asteam-boiler. The flame is supposed to pass, in the first instance, from I) through the flue to the back of the boiler,

then, dividing itself, returns on both sides of the boiler to the front, and, again uniting near the lower part, passes again along'the bottom to the chimney. the boiler is of a difierent form,- or if the flame is desired to pass in another manner or to be used for other purposes--sueh as t he superheating of the boiler--the masonry must be otherwise arranged, so that this form of grate is applicable to other furnaces as well as those for steam-boilers.

The grate consists of the .following main pieces: first, the fire-bars or grate itself; second, the machinery to give the movement; third, the hearth-frame; fourth, the coal-hopper, and, fifth, the ash-conduit.

First. The grate (or fire-bars) is composed of the parts rmno Figs. 4, 5, shown on a large scale. The bars 1' 1' rest on the fixed piecesm .m, Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and are moved by the rods or levers 0. The movement of the firebars 1" r, Fig. 4, is continuous, and oscillating, The fire-grate is shown by itself in Fig. 5, some of the bars being omitted. The projections n n of ii, Figs. 5, 7, 9, serve to connect the grate with e or with the hearth, the projections n lying'in the openings 0', Figs. 4, 5, 7, where they are fixed, and

the projections a falling into the grooves e which are so made along the whole length of the grate as to permit the expansion and contraction of the fire-bars; To remove the firegrate the connection with the parts of motion is severed by the loosening of the screws Z Z, and the gratebeing drawn forward, whereby the projections a come out of the sockets c and out of the sockets or slots 0 and lie on the guide-rail e.

Figs. 81,82 represent an arrangement whereby large and heavy grates are placed on a frame provided with wheels, and which can be drawn along like a carriage. In the figure the arrangement is applied to a marine boiler, but

it applies equally to other kinds of furnaces.

The wheels run on the guide-rails c, Fig. l, and the projections 01. are not required. The projections a may serve to fix the fire-grate and the traversing frame to the hearth-plate or checks only. The slots 6 for the projections 01 must in that case be parallel to the guide-rails 0, so as not to hinder'the forward movement of the grate. The fire-bars r are in all the fignres, where they lie across the fire-place, of the same size and form and placed equidistantly,

with the exception of the two bars at the ends. Therefore the air-passages are equal to each other. If it is desired to leave less space between the front bars in order that the fuel may not fall through, and at the same time to leave sufficient room for the ashes to escape and.

It being understood that if for air to pass in toward the back of the firegrate, then the heads of the bars 1- may be made unequal, according to the requirements I of the case, or the bars maybe placed at vary-' ing distances apart; andin Figs. 12, 12 is shown an arrangement for very small fuel, in which. no space is left between the front bars.

. Fig. 16 shows an arrangement for preventing the fuel falling down on the upper part of the grate, a plate being substituted for the front fire-bars. In order to prevent this plate from becoming warped,it may be made in several pieces, with links or straps at the back, (see Figs. 38, 44,) to allow for expansion and contraction, and one or more stays may be applied, as in the case of the fire-bars, Figs. 13, 14, 15. These stays lie on Y the shafts or connecting-rods n, and by means of the slots support the fire-bars at the side, Figs. 13, 14. On the lower shafts the stays arefree to allow'of their expansion and contraction, and theyfare held up by the shafts n. The distances between the lire-bars may be maintained by means of the projections r Figs. 13, 15, and if the back links or straps are used, as before described,

they will not hinder the motion of the bars.

The first or upper tire-bar rises above the'rest and forms the easel-like elevation described. The prolongations r of the first and r of the last bar correspond with the distance through which the grate moves, and the connection bemotion by means of the lever-piece g and the studs g Figs. 4,5, 6, to the rods 0, and through these to the fire-bars. On one side of q is fixed the arm or lever t, Figs. 4, 5, 6, connected by s with'q. The pillar or support a, Figs. 4, 5, for q is fixed on the side or check 6. On the outer end of q, Figs. 4, 5, is fixed the pulley iv, to which movement is communicated by a strap. it may, however, be observed that as the movement of the fire-grate and of the shaft q is but small it would be more advantageous to give the motion by gearing than immediately by strap and pulley, and the turbine would be best suited to the purpose. The movement becomes less when the inclination of the fire-grate is increased or a thicker layer ofcoalis required; and when the movements are not continuous, but periodical, they are fewer and quicker, as shown in Figs. 19, 36, 37, 49. The movement may be given manually,in which case either the shaft g, Figs. 1, 4, is used or the arm t is so formed and placed as to be'con- 3 venient manner.

hug, the slots], Fig. 5, are provided, or, as in in order that the motions of the latter may not be impeded, and is so. arranged that it can be removed with ease. (See Figs. 4, 5,6.)

Third, the hearth or furnace -frame.The parts of the frame are marked with the letters e f g 2'. These are fixed together in any cou- To prevent warping or buck- Fig. 20, the plates or frames are of several pieces, so disposed that the spaces marked f remain between them to allow for expansion of f. .The cinder-bridge i, of any convenient form, is fixed on f, and is composed of several pieces to allow for expansion. In Figs. 4, 5, 9, 19, 20, and 25, t'is supposed to consist of two parts, connected by screws with f. The bridge icon-' nects the fire-grate with the cinder-conduit o. By means of the front wall or plate, 9, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 16,1the coal-hopper a is united with the fire-place, and the opening I) in g is for the passage of' the coal from a to b.

Fourth, the c0al'h0pper.'The hopper consists of the sides a a, the bottom a, and the sliding plate It. The manner of fixing the hopper to the front wall of the combustion-chamber g is shown in Figs. 1O, 11, and for this purpose two angle-pieces, g, are attached to g, and serve at the same time as guides for the sliding plate It. The two screws Figs. 10,11, serve to fix a. This may be done in any other convenient manner, providedfalways that a may be easily removed. To prevent the buckling of the slide it it is pierced, as already described for other parts, or it may be made in two parts, so that if the lower portion be injured it can be easily removed, as showirin Fig. 80. By means of the plate It the thickness of the layer of coal supplied to the furnace is regulated, so that it is made to be easily adj ustcd to various heights. For this purpose a screw is provided. (See Figs. 1, 2, 3, 10, 51,52, 53, 65, 66,81, 82.) The upper portions of this screw f, projecting above, shows the thickness of the layer of coal allowed forcombustion. The lower end of the slide it must n ever touch the fire-bars, or it would be injured by the movement of the grate. In

Figs. 2, 10, 65, 66, 80, 81,82,71. is provided with two horns, which, before the lower edge of the slide touches the fire-bars, strike on the top of the angle-pieces between which the slide moves. In Figs. 51, 52, 53 a stud is applied tothe other end of the screw for the same purpose. The coal-hopper a, the slide it, and the opening I) in the wall-plate g are rather wider than the fire-bars, and the slidingplate is somewhat curved below. (See Fig. 10.) Theobject of this is that the sides of the grate may be well supplied with fuel. The bottom, a, of a is so arranged that a narrow opening, a ,Figs. 4, 16, 19, 26, 30, exists between the bottom and r. This shows if the fuel becomes jammed in the hopper, as in that case the fire would shine through a. Theinstrument, Fig. 17, is to loosen the coalin such cases. The hopper and its slide differ from those in ordinary use in being wider than the fire-bars in the curvature of I the lower edge of the slide-plate, and also with respect to the'opening a in the bottom part of the hopper.

Fifth, the cinder-conduit.-The spaccc forcinders and other non-combustible matter is seen in Figs. 1, 2,3, andisformed partlyof masonry and partly otthe framing of the hearth, and

can be closed bya slider, a. This slider moves Figs. 19 to 25 represent part of a grate with the fire-bars resting in such a manner on the frames on as to be. moved by the bars 0 in an oscillating manner. This movement takes place at intervals by means of the wheel 9 Figs. 19, 20, into which the cam t works, Figs. 1 9, 20, 21, the motion being communicated by the arm t, the s-haft q, and the rods 0 to the fire-bars. The shaft q acts on the frames m. No counterpoise is here required. Themotionrods 0, Figs. 19, 20, 21, 24, are attached to the shaft q and the last grate-bar.-

Fig. 36 is a diagram of the upper side of the motion-wheel y, Fig. 19. The central line shows the middle position of the fire-bars, the length of the line indicates the time for one rotation of y, and the black line the movement of the upper part of the fire-bars during that time, by which it is plain that the bars are at rest during two-thirds of the period. In Fig. 26 the fire-barsr are like those in Fig. 19. The motion is transmitted from the crank g by the rods .9 0, and on to r, the rods being attached to the bars. The motion is continuous, as shown in Fig. 50. The pillars or supports a are in this case fixed to the hearth-platef. In order to prevent the fire-bars, Figs. 19, 26,

warping, they may be supported in one or more In Fig. to they 64. represent grates with the whole of the fire-bars moved in mass by belts or by hand.

' The bars r are fixed to the framesm and n in such maunerthat they cannot move independently. In Fig. 37 this arrangement is shown with three fire-bars in section, and Fig. 41 is a view of the same. The bars at and a are joined together and form a frame for the firebars, .and the whole is supported beneath by the standards .7v, Figs. 37,38, 42, and above by the shaft qby means of the pins in, Figs. 37, 38,39. q and a; are fixed atthe sideat 2, Figs. 37 38, 39, 42. The upper portion of the grate inv Figs. 37 38 consists of plates rather than of bars, no interstices being left; but the lower part consists of bars of the usual form, as in the case of grates in which the whole of the grate moves as one piece. The bars may be of any desired form. The motion of the grate, Fig. 27, is produced by w (1 y g, and is intermittent, as seen in diagram Fig. 49, in which the black line indicates the movement of the grate, and the length of the line the time for a rotation of the wheel y. The grate remains half the time at rest and half in motion. When it is to be removed it is supported at the upper end while the pins m, Figs. 37, 38, 39, are taken out, the wheel 9 being thus thrown out ofgear. The point t Figs. 37, 39, and the cam t are then taken out, the screw 1, Figs. 37 38, loosened, the counterpoises removed, and the. shaft q, Figs. 37, 38, 39, detached, when the grate can be drawn forward, the projecting pieces a of the shaft n lying on the guide-rail e, Figs. 37, 38, 40.

The fire-bars in Figs. 43 to 48 are supported in the middle as at the ends, and here'again is seen the arrangements for preventing their warping. The fire-grate in Figs. 42 and 44 is composed in front of bars, or rather of plates, which overlap the interstices. The last of these stands above the rest, its prolonged part r passing beyond the ash-conduit i, thus preventing the fuel or other matters getting in between. The framing for the bars issupported at its upper and lower'ends by the bearers :0, Figs. 43, 44, 47, and the sides of these supports are fixed in 2, but are easily removed. The grate receives its motion from the crankshaft g by means of the rods 8, and this motion is continuous, as shown in diagram Fig. 50. To remove the grate-the pins m, Figs. 43, 44, 46, are taken out, the eounterpoises withdrawn,and the grate drawn forward, when the upper portion will rest on the bar connecting the bearers :r and the lower'with the projections n, Fig. 44, upon the guide-rail e. The upper supports .or pillars, :r, are then removed and'the grate drawnout. The replacement of any of the fire-bars themselves is easily understoodwithout explanation. It will be well to applycounterpoises r'in thecase of grates in which the whole series of bars moves together. In the case of large heavy grates the bearers may be laid on a frame with wheels, when the whole grate maybe drawn forward. Adrawing of this is unnecessary, as any competent person can make such a grate with the aid of Figs. 81, 82.

Fig. 51 represents the application and use of the hopper a in connection with a series of firehars moving all together, with proper combustion-chamber and parts of motion. The flame and heat produced in such a furnace may be applied to various purposes, such as the warming of buildings or for caloric-engines, the

flame being conducted from the furnace into a chamber or pipe. For other purposes the flame and heat may be conducted in the direc tion of either the black or the red arrows in Fig. 51, or in that of the blue arrows in Fig. 54, it being understood that no air be allowed to enter between the furnace and the apparatus or engine to be heated. The ash-conduit ends in a closed chest or receptacle, and this chest can be emptied from time to time.

Figs. 55 to represent a part of the grate, Fig. 51, but enlarged four times. The fire-bars in thesefigures have a different form from those in Fig. 51. (Represented in Fig. 64 four times the size.) These form plates at the upper end, steps in the middle, and bars with interstices at the lower end, beingarranged thus for burning very small fuel. The fire-bars are so arranged in a frame, m, that they can expand and contract freely, the lower side of the bars r, Fig. 56, being made, as before described, with that object. The frame m consists of one piece, and is supported uponthe grate-bearers w, and these again at the lower end are fixed in z. The grate is moved hy the crank-shaft q and the rods 8. The bearings 20 for q are fixed on y f, andthe movement is by manual power and is limited by the projections u on .24, Figs. 55, 56, 57. The grate is supported at the sides by the projections 00 of the gratesupports When the grate has to be removed. the pin m, Figs. 55, 56, 57, must be taken out and the entire grate drawn forward tilllwlies close to the projections 6 Figs. 55, p 156', 57'; The grate is then raised up in front,

the. front bearer a; removed, and the grate lifted off the back grate-bearer or, the projections 6 preventing the bearers as falling when the grate is removed.

Fig. 61' represents arched grate bearers standing on their edges, the grate resting on the rounded portion. Fig. 62 represents gratebearers rounded above and below; Fig. 63, another kind. They may be' made of any convenient'form, and where the grate is long it may be supported by several bearers;

Figs. 65 to 80 represent the application and working of a grate for a locomotive-boiler. The fire-bars are here supposed to be arranged as in Fig. 19, and are moved by three rods, 0, Figs. 73, 74. The arm tot the shaft q, Figs. 65 and 70, is directed upward and is moved by the connecting-rod t which in its turn is moved by the small piston; but it can also be worked in the usual manner. To remove the grate the arm tof it must be disengaged andthe screws 1, Figs. 65, 68, 69, relaxed, when the grate can be drawn forward and the projections n on a, Fig. 75, will rest upon the guide-rail e, and then the grate is drawn upward from below the boiler. The guide-rail e is fixed on the boiler and prolonged, as seen in Figs. 65, 68.

The angle-iron f, Figs. 65 to-69 and 70 to 79,

is fixed on the boiler and attaches the side walls of the coal-hopper a to the boiler. In the furnace I) this angle or frame piece covers the sides of the fire-grate and prevents it or any of the separate bars being lifted up. In

broad furnaces it would be well to have a water-wall along the middle, and thus to have two narrow grates. The coal-hopper a has a partition-wall in the middle, which supports the lower part of the hopper, so that when the hopper is full of coals the bottomof it may not rest on the top fire-bar. The sides of the hopper a are fixed partly on the boiler, partly on f, and the bottom a can be easily removed. The ash-conduit 0 is closed. by the valve 0 and can be easily removed. The fire-bridge j, formed of fire-clay, protects'the space a from the heat and prevents cold air entering the tubes when the space 0 is open. Figs. 77, 78, represent a fire-gratewhich is moved like that in Fig. 26. The movement of to may be given by the axle of the machine or of the tender, or by means of a small steamengine.

Fig. 65 exhibits the application of the grate to locomotives or to similar boilers applied to stationary engines; only, if there be no plat- .form to the boiler, the guide-rails may project horizontally instead of upward, and in this case afire-grate fixed upon a frame with wheels, as in Fig. 81. is applicable. Grates like those represented in Figs. 4, 16, 37, 43, 55 can also be used in such cases.

Figs. 81 to 90 represent a grate for a marine boiler. The fire-bars are supposed to be formed and fixed as in Fig. 4. The rodt of the crankshaft q, Figs. 81, 82, is directed upward and moved by the rod 26 which may be connected with the engine or any other motor. The fire bars are placed with the bars at upon the frame a, but only fixed at the upper end, so as to allow for expansion. 0 repose upon guide-rails e fixed on the boiler. The projections n of thebarn serve to fix the firegrate to the frame on the boiler. The same fit into theopeningsc",Figs.81,82,85,90,and areheld fast by the screws 1. To withdraw the frame with the fire-grate, e is prolonged, the screws 1 are relaxed, and the rod t Figs. 81, 82, disengaged from the arm t, whereupon the frame can be drawn forward. The an gle-iron f, Figs.

' S1, 82, 83, 87, is fixed along the boiler, and its prolongation serves to fix the sides of the coal hopper a. In the furnace b the an gle-iron covers the ends of the fire-bars and prevents them from lifting up. The sides of the hopper are fixed partly on the boiler and partly on f, and

the bottom a, Figs. $1,552,823, is here arranged so as to be removed with ease. The ash-conduit is closed by a slider or valve, 0 On this slider being opened by means of the hook, Fig. 18, all that is in the conduit 0 fallsinto the The wheels of the frame truck k, which runs upon ledges and is easily removed. The bridge j, of fire-clay, serves to keep the heat from c.

Grates and furnaces like those represented :the hook 18 before lighting the fire, the refuse being pushed into the ash-conduit c, and afterward removed. The fire-bars are then to be completely covered with fuel, either bymeans of the hook 18 or by moving the grate to and fro manually. The mass is then to be ignited and the motion continued. Whether the movements are too many or too few, and whether the layer of coal is too thick or too thin for such motion, will be easily seen by the light beneath the fire-bars. It the spaces between the lower firebars are not lighted up-that is, not covered with incandescent fnel--then the motion is too great or the layer of coal on the upper bars too thick. If the upper bars are not illuminated, then the motions are too few or the layer of coal too thin, or the coal has become jammed in the hopper a, which can be ascertained by looking through the aperture a The motion and the thickness of the layer of coal are both then to be so regulated that all parts of the grate from the top bar to the bottom shall be covered with burning fuel.

With respect to the dimensions of the grates it should be mentioned that they should be as long improportionto their widthas circumstances will permit.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, with the transverse grate-bars r, of the rods m and 0 and their opv erating'devices, for the purpose of imparting to the grate-bars an oscillating movement independent of their side supporting-rods.

2. The combination of the coal hopper a, inclined furnace-grate b, cinder conduit c, and ash-pit, constructed and operated as herein described.

3. The combination, with the transverse grate-bars r, of the rods m and their operating devices, for the puspose of imparting to the entire grate bodily a backward-and-torward motion, as herein specified.

In testimony that the foregoing is a correct description of my said invention I have hereunto subscribed my name in presence of two witnesses.

JOH. ZEH.

Witnesses:

GHEV. DE SOHWARZ, A. W. J APP. 

